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TB-500 (5mg)

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Overview

TB-500(Thymosin Beta-4) is a 43 amino acid peptide sequence. In animal models, Thymosin Beta-4 has been shown to improve blood vessel growth, regulate wound healing, decrease inflammation, and reduce oxidative damage in the heart and central nervous system. Thymosin-beta-4 has a role in protection, tissue repair, regeneration and remodeling of injured or damaged tissues. It is also of active interest in anti-aging research.

The Best Research Peptides.

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The Best Research Peptides.

Guide to TB-500

1. What Is TB-500

2. TB-500 Structure

3. TB-500 Research

4. Referenced Citations

What is TB-500?

TB-500 is the active domain of TB-4, which has a primary role as an actin binding protein. Actin is a critical component of cell structure and makes up microfilaments. Microfilaments are responsible for giving cells their shape, protecting the integrity of cell membranes, allowing cells to move/migrate, and certain steps in cellular reproduction. Actin is also one of the primary components of muscle protein. Without actin, muscles could not contract. Actin binding proteins, like TB-4, sequester actin monomers, the individual units of actin, so that they are protected from degradation and are available for polymerization into microfilaments when needed.

TB-500 Peptide Structure

Sequence: Ac-Ser-Asp-Lys-Pro-Asp-Met-Ala-Glu-lle-Glu-Lys-Phe- Asp-Lys-Ser-Lys-Leu-Lys-Lys-Thr-Glu-Thr-Gln-Glu-Lys-Asn-Pro-Leu- Pro-Ser-Lys-Glu-Thr-lle-Glu-Gln-Glu-Lys-Gln-Ala-Gly-Glu-Ser
Molecular formula: C212H350N56078S
Molar Mass: 4963.4408
CAS number: 77591-33-4
PubChem: CID 16132341

TB-500 Research

1. TB-500 and Neurologic Function

Research in rats has found that TB-500 encourages central and peripheral nervous system tissues to undergo repair and remodeling following injury. Though the exact mechanism has yet to be elucidated, the research indicates that TB-500 activates the cells that support neurons. These cells, called oligodendrocytes, keep neurons healthy[1]. Boosting their activity actually improves blood vessel and neuron growth in brain regions that have been damaged, a significant laboratory result that is reflected in clinically significant improvements in behavior, motor control, and cognitive measurements[2].
Recent research shows that TB-500 can reduce oxidative stress following spinal cord injury and help transplanted neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) to survive long enough to enhance spinal regeneration[]. These findings could make TB-500 and other TB-4 derivatives of great use in treating severe spinal cord injury. TB- 550 may offer critical insight into spinal recovery that allows paralyzed individuals to regain use of affected body regions.

2. TB-500 and Blood Vessel Growth

TB-500 and TB-4 are potent stimulators of VEGF expression. VEGF is an important signaling molecule in the growth of capillaries (small blood vessels), which are critical to everything from wound healing to hair growth[*]. It is thought that the role of TB-500 is more complicated than this, however. Scientists speculate that the peptide likely underpins a number of steps in the process of blood vessel growth include extracellular matrix remodeling, vasculogenesis, angiogenesis, and the transition of more primitive mesenchymal tissue to the specialized endothelial tissue that lines blood vessels. This speculation is valid because loss of TB-4 has been shown to interfere with blood vessel growth and stability while exogenous administration improves capillary formation and the recruitment of pericytes following injury[4].

3. TB-500 and Hair Growth

The discovery that TB-500 improves hair growth happened by accident. When mice that were genetically deficient in TB-4 were shaved for laboratory experiments, it was observed that their hair grew back much slower than wild-type mice. When these same scientists investigated hair growth in mice that were genetically modified to produce increased levels of TB-4, they found that their hair grew back much faster than normal. Under the microscope, these mice show increased numbers of hair shafts and grouped hair follicles[$].

4. TB-500 and Antibiotic Synergy

Multi-drug resistance is becoming increasingly common in a number of infections, rendering current therapy ineffective. Unfortunately, there are very few new antibiotics in the pipeline and the process of drug development can take upwards of twenty years on average. A recent study on the effects of TB-4 and its adjuvants, however, provides some hope. Studies of mice suffering from a Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection of the eye have found that TB-4 combined with ciprofloxacin, a standard antibiotic for treating Pseudomonas
aeruginosa, increases the effects of the antibiotic, improves healing, reduces inflammation, and promotes faster recovery. The results of just five days of combined therapy showed decreased numbers of colony-forming units (CFUs), decreased neutrophil (a type of white blood cell) count, and decreased levels of inflammatory reactive oxygen species[$]. This is the first study to demonstrate that TB-500 and similar peptides might be used to promote and enhance the effects of antibiotics.

5. TB-500 and Cardiovascular Health

Two decades of research have shown that TB-4 and its derivatives have a number of beneficial effects in the cardiovascular and renal systems. The exact mechanisms of these positive contributions are not clearly understood, however. Research suggests that the benefits are actually due to several mechanisms. First, TB-500 promotes the growth of collateral blood vessels, which is useful both as a preventative and in restoring function following disease. Second, TB-500 encourage endothelial cell migration and myocycte survival following a heart attack. Finally, it appears that TB-500 works in concert with other natural signaling molecules to reduce
inflammation and reduce fibrosis (scar formation)[7].
Recently, research into hydrogels containing a combination of collagen and TB-4 has shown the peptide promotes angiogenesis and epicardial heart cell migration, thus boosting rates of recovering following ischemia and helping to prevent long-term complications by reducing scarring[®].

6. TB-500 and Neurodegenerative Diseases

Progress in finding a treatment for neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s and prion disease has been slow at best. A recent study into the effects of TB-4 on the ability of the immune system to deal with prion protein has shown that the peptide enhances autophagy[*]. Autophagy is the central nervous system’s primary protective mechanism against neurodegenerative diseases. The ability of TB-4 to enhance this natural immunity is the first progression toward real treatment of these debilitating diseases in a long time.

7. TB-500 Has Wide Application

TB-500 due to its fundamental role in cell structure and function can affect a number of different body tissues. This has resulted in a wide and varied field of research into the effects of this peptide. From treating heart and neurological disease to enhancing the effects of antibiotics, TB-500 is one of the hottest peptides in research today and will likely remain one of the most heavily investigated peptides for the foreseeable future.
TB-500 exhibits minimal side effects, low oral and excellent subcutaneous bioavailability in mice. Per kg dosage in mice does not scale to humans. TB-500 for sale at Peptide Sciences is limited to educational and scientific research only, not for human consumption. Only buy TB-500 if you are a licensed researcher.

Article Author

The above literature was researched, edited and organized by Dr. Logan, M.D. Dr. Logan holds a doctorate degree from Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and a B.S. in molecular biology.

BPC-157 exhibits minimal side effects, moderate oral and excellent subcutaneous bioavailability in mice. Per kg dosage in mice does not scale to humans. BPC-157 for sale at Peptide Sciences is limited to educational and scientific research only, not for human consumption. Only buy BPC-157 if you are a licensed researcher.

Scientific Journal Author

In 1986 Professor Jens Juul Holst discovered the GLP-1 hormone in connection with his work on stomach ulcer surgery. Since the

discovery, Novo Nordisk have used the research to successfully develop products to treat diabetes and obesity. The hormone GLP-1 can be used to regulate blood sugar levels and satiety. Not only has it made treatment of obesity and diabetes possible, it has also proven useful preventatively through early diagnosis for citizens who are at risk of developing diabetes and obesity. In 2015, Jens Juul Holst received the prestigious international Fernström prize for his research on GLP-1. He is one of the most cited researchers in Europe, with over 1,200 published articles and citations in over 3,500 articles annually.

Professor Jens Juul Holst is being referenced as one of the leading scientists involved in the research and development of GLP-1. In no way is this doctor/scientist endorsing or advocating the purchase, sale, or use of this product for any reason. There is no affiliation or relationship, implied or otherwise, between Peptide Sciences and this doctor. The purpose of citing the doctor is to acknowledge, recognize, and credit the exhaustive research and development efforts conducted by the scientists studying this

Referenced Citations

1

P. Cheng, F. Kuang, H. Zhang, G. Ju, and J. Wang, “Beneficial effects of thymosin ẞ4 on spinal cord injury in the rat,” Neuropharmacology, vol. 85, pp. 408-416, Oct. 2014. [PubMed]

2

M. Chopp and Z. G. Zhang, “Thymosin ẞ4 as a restorative/regenerative therapy for neurological injury and neurodegenerative diseases,” Expert Opin. Biol. Ther., vol. 15 Suppl 1, pp. S9-12, 2015. [PubMed]

3

4

K. N. Dubé and N. Smart, “Thymosin ẞ4 and the vasculature: multiple roles in development, repair and protection against disease,” Expert Opin. Biol. Ther., vol. 18, no. sup1, pp. 131- 139, 2018. [PubMed]

5

D. Philp, S. St-Surin, H.-J. Cha, H.-S. Moon, H. K. Kleinman, and M. Elkin, “Thymosin beta 4 induces hair growth via stem cell migration and differentiation,” Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., vol. 1112, pp. 95-103, Sep. 2007. [PubMed]

6

T. W. Carion et al., “Thymosin Beta-4 and Ciprofloxacin Adjunctive Therapy Improves Pseudomonas aeruginosa- Induced Keratitis,” Cells, vol. 7, no. 10, Sep. 2018. [PubMed]

7

K. M. Kassem, S. Vaid, H. Peng, S. Sarkar, and N.-E. Rhaleb, “TB4-AC-SDKP pathway: Any relevance for the cardiovascular system?,” Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol., pp. 1-11, Mar. 2019. [PubMed]

8

A. D. Shaghiera, P. Widiyanti, and H. Yusuf, “Synthesis and Characterization of Injectable Hydrogels with Varying Collagen-Chitosan-Thymosin ẞ4 Composition for Myocardial Infarction Therapy,” J. Funct. Biomater., vol. 9, no. 2, Mar. 2018. [PubMed]

9

H.-J. Han, S. Kim, and J. Kwon, “Thymosin beta 4-Induced Autophagy Increases Cholinergic Signaling in PrP (106-126)- Treated HT22 Cells,” Neurotox. Res., Dec. 2018. [PubMed]

10

Song, Ran & Choi, Hyun & Yang, Hyung-In & Yoo, Myung & Park, Yong-Beom & Kim, Kyoung. (2012). Association between serum thymosin ẞ4 levels of rheumatoid arthritis
patients and disease activity and response to therapy. Clinical rheumatology. 31. 1253-8. 10.1007/s10067-012-2011-7. [Research Gate]

11

Philp, D., et al. “Thymosin ẞ4 Promotes Angiogenesis, Wound Healing, and Hair Follicle Development.” Mechanisms of Ageing and Development, vol. 125, no. 2, Feb. 2004, pp. 113- 115, 10.1016/j.mad.2003.11.005. [PubMed]

ALL ARTICLES AND PRODUCT INFORMATION PROVIDED ON THIS WEBSITE ARE FOR INFORMATIONAL AND EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY.

The products offered on this website are furnished for in-vitro studies only. In-vitro studies (Latin: in glass) are performed outside of the body. These products are not medicines or drugs and have not been approved by the FDA to prevent, treat or cure any medical condition, ailment or disease. Bodily introduction of any kind into humans or animals is strictly forbidden by law.

FAQs, Answered.

What are peptides?

Peptides are short chains of amino acids ranging from 2-50 amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. They are smaller than proteins, which are made up of longer chains of amino acids. Peptides occur naturally in the body and play an important role in biological functions such as signaling, immune responses and tissue repair.

How do peptides work?

Peptides work in various ways depending on their type and structure. Some peptides act as hormones, such as insulin, which regulates blood sugar. Others function as neurotransmitters, sending signals between nerve cells.

They can also help in regulating immune responses, healing wounds, or promoting the production of proteins like collagen.

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